International Trade - Protectionism / Protectionnisme

Le sujet de ton devoir est sur le protectionisme et le commerce international. Donc, on te demande de donner des exemples de pays qui le font.
Je t'en donne un par exemple : le japon
Ensuite tu dois donner des éléments en faveur du protectionisme
et des arguments contre.

Avantages

Tu peux t'inspirer de ce texte :


. Imports of certain goods can become limited or obsolete due to protectionist policies. Protectionism is the practice of imposing restrictions on international trade as a means of protecting the local economic structure and performance. This practice has been condemned by liberal philosopher and economists, such as John Stuart Mill and professor Richard M. Ebeling, for a variety of reasons. In the philosophical level, protectionism is accused of suppressing free will on the market, while economists stress protectionism's repercussions on the market's growth and competitiveness. However, in certain respects, protectionism can have a number of advantages for the economy and society.

Protecting the Local Companies
Nowadays, trade is worldwide and with the safe and fast modern transportation, oranges from Valencia, Spain, can compete with the local crop in Greek markets, while Japanese electronics have a share of the market that Amstrad used to hold in the British market. Cheaper foreign products can have an impact on local companies, which have to drop the costs of production to keep attracting consumers. Redundancies, lower cost of production with lower quality or even bankruptcies are realistic outcomes for an economy unable to compete with foreign giants.

Managing Trade Deficit
A country's economic prosperity relies heavily on its positive trade balance: exporting more goods than importing, hence gaining more than spending. However, the consumer's preference of foreign products, combined with the local companies' inability to build strong bonds with foreign markets, results in a growing amount of imports and leads to trade deficits. Limitations on the amount of imports on certain products balances the trade artificially by forcing consumers to turn to local products.
Room for New Industries
When foreign giants hold the lion's share of a specific sector of the market, it is extremely difficult for local entrepreneurs with limited initial resources to compete with the established firms. For example, new computer software developers have to compete with multibillion-dollar corporations -- Microsoft and Apple. Protectionist policies give room for new players to build even a small consumer base, which helps them continue their operations and eventually expand.
Independence from International Instability
Certain commodities such as oil are not abundant everywhere in the world and countries are bound to be affected by crises in oil producers. However, for goods that also can be produced within the country instead of being imported, such as agricultural products, trade limitations can help in periods of international instability. Protectionist policies force the local industry to develop, and even if exporting countries are going through a crisis affecting their production or trade, consumers won't be affected.

Advantages of Protectionism
Protectionism occurs when one country reduces the level of its imports because of:

· Infant industries. If sunrise firms producing new-technology goods (eg computers) are to survive against established foreign producers then temporary tariffs or quotas may be needed.

· Unfair competition. Foreign firms may receive subsidies or other government benefits. They may be dumping (selling goods abroad at below cost price to capture a market).

· Balance of payments. Reducing imports improves the balance of trade.

· Strategic industries. To protect the manufacture of essential goods.

· Declining industries. To protect declining industries from creating further structural unemployment.

Disadvantages of Protectionism
· Prevents countries enjoying the full benefits of international specialization and trade.

· Invites retaliation from foreign governments.

· Protects inefficient home industries from foreign competition. Consumers pay more for inferior produce.

En gros le protectionnisme vise à protéger les industries en péril, permet de protéger les industries locales contre les industries étrangères.
La réduction des importations est un avantage pour la balance commerciale. Moins tu importes, plus ta balance est excédentaire. En France, on importe beaucoup, ce qui cause un déficit de notre balance commerciale.

Les inconvénients :

les pays peuvent contre attaquer et également taxer les produits des pays protectionnistes.

Les consommateurs paient plus cher pour des produits de moindre qualité.
concurrence déloyale

merci beaucoup je comprends maintenant :)
Par contre, ma prof m'a parlée d'arguments contre du point de vue consomateurs, mais je ne vois pas trop... Disons que pour l'instant j'ai pas mal d'arguments en faveur, mais je ne trouve pas vraiment d'arguments contre...

Regarde ce que je t'ai écrit. L'argument contre est que les consommateurs paient plus cher le produit de moindre qualité, c'est à dire que je résume en gros, le pays X est protectionniste et donc empêche le consommateur d'acheter des produits étrangers car plus chers via des taxes. Exemple, tu fabriques des ordinateurs marque Top Budget et pour éviter que les consommateurs achètent des ordinateurs HP, tu taxes les ordinateurs HP qui sont pourtant plus rapides et efficaces. Au final, toi consommateur achète l'ordinateur Top budget qui rame dès qu'on ouvre un fichier mais qui coûte 100 Euros alors que l'ordinateur HP superpuissant, l'ouvre en 1 seconde et coûte 500 Euros. Donc dans l'histoire, certes le fabricant Top Budget est protégé mais le consommateur est lésé !

L'autre argument contre est que les pays peuvent lutter contre les états protectionnistes en imposant des taxes sur leurs produits. Et donc le pays protectionniste est lésé car il ne peut pas vendre ses produits comme il le veut et cela a des répercussions sur sa balance commercial.

Si tu as besoin d'aide pour le rédiger en anglais, n'hésite pas.