aide en anglais

Sujet du devoir

J'ai fait les questions sauf la dernière que je n'ai pas réussis. j'ai fait l'exercice. serait il possible de vérifier si mais question sont juste. merci cordialement lepoup.

The role of production

Production management and operations management describe the same set of tasks. Both are concerned with managing those resources of an enterprise that are required to produce the goods or services to be sold to consumers or other organizations. The term production management came first, with the emergence of manufacturing industry and the subsequent emphasis placed on the production management task within that sector. The growth of service industries in the industrially developed countries has brought with it the term operations management as a more appropriate, general title.
The production/ operations function is that part of an organization responsible for producing the goods or providing the services that it sells in the market-place. Some organizations produce physical items such as furniture, building materials or stationery, whilst others provide services such as medical care, banking facilities or retail sales outlets. In order to produce or provide these items to a required quality level, at an appropriate time and within acceptable financial constraints, organizations create a number of functions that are essential to the buying, producing and selling activities which underpin their existence. One key function is production/ operations. The production/ operations management (POM) task is concerned with the transformation process which takes inputs and converts them into outputs, together with the various support functions closely associated with this basic task. The level of complexity within this function will depend upon several factors, including the size of the organization, the nature of the products/ services involved, the technology levels embodied in both the products/ services and processes used within the production/ operations function, the extent to which the products/ services are made in-house.
Goods are tangible items purchased by individuals or organizations for subsequent use. Services are intangible items that are consumed at the time of provision, with the customer taking away or retaining the benefit of that service. However, in many commercial situations, what is provided or produced by an organization can be a mixture of both goods and services. Thus, products and services are packages of explicit and implicit benefits made or provided by a supporting set of processes often using a product or good respectively as part of the package provision. For example, compare a cup of coffee provided by a vending machine and the same item provided in the lounge of a good hotel. The former service offers convenient, twenty-four hour, fast delivery of a product. The production specification itself is largely influenced by the nature of the service, and hence the product range offered is limited both in terms of width and specification: coffee is provided in a number of combinations and in a disposable cup. On the other hand, coffee provided in the lounge of a good hotel comprises significantly different service factors-choice, presentation, comfort, at a higher price. In the former coffee provision, the ratio of goods in the total package would be considerably higher than in the latter.
In order to compete, some organizations will change this mix to provide a more attractive package. Such a move will bring with it a different operational task, and one that needs to be understood and allowed for in the structure and procedures of the operations function.

What is the purpose of production/ operations management?
What elements in the organization and its environment can influence production management?
What differences are there between the production of a physical item and of a service?
Is it easy to separate production and operations management? Give examples.

Men always (produce) goods. But it (be) only with the industrial revolution that organizations (feel) the need to organize production according to effective techniques. Taylor (be) the best-known man who first (design) scientific production techniques, although Adam Smith (show) the importance of division of labour before. Since Taylor's time, production techniques (evolve) very much. Today many companies (try) to implement Toyotism, but few really (succeed), because often they (not understand) the corporate culture behind these techniques.

Où j'en suis dans mon devoir

What is the purpose of production/ operations management?


The purpose of the production and the management of operations is to describe the game(set,play) of the tasks. They concern everything them two the management of the resources of a company which are required(demanded) to be able to produce goods or services which are intended to be sold to consumers or to other organizations. These at first the management of production which(who) appeared to arrive him(her,it) manufacturing industries and then is to arrive the management of operations with the appearance of industry of the service in industrial nations.
The function(office) of production and the function(office) of operations is the part(party) of organization which is responsible for producing the goods or for supplying services which are going to be proposer/vendue on the market. We are thus going to produce articles physical appearance(physics) as furniture (tables, chair), building materials and the other one is going to supply services as medical care, home helps, services banking.
We thus have two phases the management of production and the management of the operations concerning on one hand the producers and on the other hand the operators. Needs first of all one get fresh ideas who(which) is is material (example: raw materials, semi product finish) as regards the production of the good(property). This resources is going to be transformed by a process of transformation(processing) ( industrial activity) to obtain the final good(property), the finished product, the physical good(property), the tangible good(property).
Is immaterial as regards a service activity. The resource in that case is going to be to transform into the inviolable, immaterial good(property) and his(her,its) will be more one a lot of production but one operations, a service.
We thus have two plan is the one where the management of production and operation is separated and in that case we have that material good(property). Let be the plan where the management of production and operation is to mix and in that case we have the material and immaterial possessions which are mixed.
The purpose of the producer is to produce the good(property) or one services to sell him(it) or to an individual (consumers and it is of the business to consumers) or in one organizations (in that case it is of the business to business). Consumers is always at the end of the production line.
Every producer or operators have the same question it is: the production cost and the profit that he(it) are going to be able to make ( the margin) and the constraint of cost.
How much he(it) have to make it.
The time(weather) of delivery and thus when he(it) will be ready.
The quality of the services or the products which he proposes and these various characteristic, which is that it is.
We thus have this producing progress towards price(prize,prices,prizes) quality and delivery ( CQD) (the process of production) towards consumers.
The purpose of the management of production and the management of operations is to see to it that the process of production takes place as good as possible to be able to pull(fire) the best profit.

What elements in the organization and its environment can influence production management?

What can influence the management of production in the organization and its environment will depend on several factors(mailmen) such as the size(cutting) of this organization (that is the influence which is going to be able to have on the market face to face of these competitors), the nature of the products which the organization is going to propose and the services which are to connect there (after-sales service for example), the quality of these products and services (the characteristics of his(her,its) product can influence consumers to buy more his than that of competitors for a similar product), the technological level that the organization is going to serve it in the manufacturing of these products or in these services as well as the time(weather) put making these products (delivery deadlines). These various factors(mailmen) are going to influence the management of production face to face of them competitors to be more able to take part of the market, make the maximum of profit.

What differences are there between the production of a physical item and of a service?



First of all one articles physical appearance is the tangible good(property) (material(equipment) such as the goods which are going to be buy by an individual or an organization for a use later) whereas a service is inviolable (immaterial, that is that the service is going to be consume for the moment).
The production of a physical article is going to ask for a process of production, he(it) is going to need to cross(spend) by more Mrs. stages, he(she,it) is going to ask for the work and for the capital. The physical article goes asked first of all one get fresh ideas (raw materials, produces semi finity) which is going to need to transform one finished products to intend in consumer or organization. Whereas the service does not need to him(her) to undergo a process of transformation(processing), it is directly a product finity (directly edible(consumable)).Differently in the physical article the service is not tangible (we cannot get(touch) him(it)). The service is something that we can have at once whereas the physical good(property) is not necessarily edible(consumable) following, it has to be produced.

Is it easy to separate production and operations management? Give examples.



Men always produces goods. But it is only with the industrial revolution that organizations feel the need to organize production according to effective techniques. Taylor is the best-known man who first designing scientific production techniques, although Adam Smith show the importance of division of labour before. Since Taylor's time, production techniques evolved very much. Today many companies trying to implement Toyotism, but few really succeeds, because often they don't understood the corporate culture behind these techniques.