resumé ou abstract en anglais

Sujet du devoir

je suis étudiante dans une école de commerce,notre professeur nous a demandé de faire un abstract en anglais (résumé) à partir d'un texte.Le résumé ne doit pas dépasser les 300 mots.La date limite est le 15/11/2010.SVP je sollicite votre aide car c'est un devoir qui comptera beaucoup à la fin de l'année et je n'ai personne vers qui me tourner.
merci

Où j'en suis dans mon devoir

Introduction to the 20th World Petroleum Congress Call for Papers
The World Petroleum Council invites all oil and gas specialists around the world to share their knowledge and expertise with the attendees of the largest gathering for the petroleum industry, at the 20th World Petroleum Congress, to be held in Doha, Qatar, from the 4 – 8 December 2011.
The international Congress Programme Committee has prepared a wide-ranging Technical Programme to recognize the scientific, technological and professional achievements of the oil and gas sector. The topics for the sessions reflect the official theme for the 20th World Petroleum Congress: ‘Energy Solutions for All: Promoting Cooperation, Innovation and Investment’ With over 300 places to be awarded to the best papers and posters, the World Petroleum Congress demonstrates once again its role as a benchmark for the oil and gas industry.
Submissions are invited for a broad range of topics in the 24 Forums of the Congress. They are split across five key blocks, focusing on the latest developments and achievements in the areas of:
Block 1 – Natural Gas: the Energy that makes a Difference
Block 2 – New Exploration and Production Frontiers and Technologies
Block 3 – From the Well to the Consumer: innovations in refining, transportation, fuel technology and petro-chemistry
Block 4 – Complementary Energy Sources
Block 5 – Sustainability Commitment: environment, social, economy, education, governance
Block 1 – Natural Gas: the energy that makes a difference
F1- LNG producers: latest technological developments in liquefaction and shipping
The world demand for natural gas has renewed interest in the production and transportation of liquefied
natural gas (LNG) from resource rich areas in Africa and the Middle East to customers in Asia, Europe and the
Americas. This session will explore the opportunities for innovation in LNG technology for liquefaction and
shipping. In the LNG liquefaction area, the session will focus on feed gas treating technology, optimization of
liquefaction output and key technologies in offshore liquefaction. The increase in LNG global demand and
consumption has fuelled a higher demand for LNG ships and vessels. There are numerous challenges
associated with growing LNG supplies and the flexibility of such supplies. This session will also explore the
innovation in LNG loading and discharge terminals, current LNG tank technologies and optimizing the vessel
management portfolio.
F2 - Enhancing LNG storage, regasification and security management
This session will evaluate the current techniques and methodology for efficient storage, re-gasification and
security which will include key challenges in setting up an LNG re-gasification terminal, including reliability,
proven technology and innovations. The use of the latest technology for the security and safety of the plant,
the process and personnel shall also be covered in this session.
F3 – Improving efficiency, safety and economics for GTL
The world's GTL capacity has seen dramatic increases in recent years with Oryx GTL (30,000 bbl/d) in Qatar
fully on stream, Pearl GTL (140,000 bbl/d) in Qatar coming on stream and Escravos GTL (30,000 bbl/d) in
Nigeria under construction. Further activities in terms of launching new projects, however, have not been seen
in recent years, mainly due to the escalation of construction costs. Several players in the industry are
nevertheless conducting R&D programs for the progression of GTL technology towards higher efficiencies and
lower capital costs. This session will review the status of the existing and potential new projects, progress on
developing GTL technologies, environmental aspects of GTL as well as various aspects related to the
marketing and usage of the unique GTL products.
F4 - Solutions for stranded gas
Globally, many gas discoveries are not being developed due to factors such as lack of local market and
infrastructure, distance to market, size of accumulation, gas composition and availability of technology. This
forum will address potential solutions on how to commercially develop this so-called stranded gas, including
development strategies, technological concepts and commercial solutions.
F5 - Non conventional gas resources
In an energy-constrained world increasing attention is being focused on sources of natural gas that have
previously been considered to be too difficult or costly to develop and bring to market. This session will review
the global potential of ‘non -conventional’ supplies of natural gas of all types: coal bed methane (CBM),
methane hydrates, gas shales, ‘tight -gas’ and underground coal gasi_cation. It will showcase recent
technological developments and projects to access and commercialise such resources, in an environmentally
acceptable way.
Block 2 – New Exploration and Production Frontiers and
Technologies
F6 – Exploring new frontiers: innovation and vision
The success rate is lower today in hydrocarbon exploration than it was in the past, in particular between the
1930s and 1980s. In global terms, even if the Earth still has sizeable oil and gas resources, worldwide
consumption has outstripped the discovery rate. Petroleum explorers now face a real challenge to be able to
meet the long-term hydrocarbon needs of the world’s population, and to do so, the oil industry has to come up
with new ideas continuously, pushing back its frontiers a little further each time.
The frontiers involved in frontier exploration are of many types: geographical: exploration of new provinces, as yet barely explored or not at all: the Arctic, owing to its
extreme weather conditions, is one of tomorrow’s challenges, geological: exploration of new geological formations in which hydrocarbons are trapped in nonconventional
ways: new geological concepts must be defined, and finally, technological: exploration under screens (basalt, salt) or in highly complex tectonic
environments, which requires increasingly sophisticated seismic imaging techniques; access to deeply
buried reservoirs or the ultra deep offshore demands cutting edge imaging, drilling and production
technologies.
The purpose of this forum is to give a state of play concerning current frontier exploration, and an outlook on
our future exploration based on typical examples. It will be shown that exploring new frontiers is inextricably
linked to the development of innovative technologies. This session will focus on providing a vision for the
exploration landscape leading to the discovery of future reserves.
F7 – Advances in reservoir management
Reservoir management is a continuous process that seeks to optimize the development and operation of oil
and gas reservoirs for the purpose of maximizing economic resource recovery over the reservoir life cycle.
The process utilizes the most appropriate engineering and earth science technologies, while complying to
environmental and safety regulations. The session will discuss advances in reservoir management such as
matrix / fracture characterization geo-models, advanced simulation models that use dual porosity, dual
permeability modelling, assisted history matching, and uncertainty analysis, application of I-Field technology,
water injection / production management, production / injection optimization, enhancing sweep efficiency, and
maximizing oil recovery.
F8 - Enhanced recovery: new challenges and technologies
Enhanced Oil Recovery is a term commonly used to describe processes for adding up reserves beyond the
horizons of classical waterflood, and in specific cases of heavy oil, recoveries above the primary limits. The
three major widely acceptable EOR methods currently in operation are: Thermal (application of heat), Miscible/Immiscible (mixing oil with a solvent) Chemical (flooding with chemicals),
Other methods can involve CO2 injection and also, Microbial EOR. All the challenges and techniques will be
covered in this forum.
F10 – Drilling and completion technologies applied to challenging reservoirs
The toughest challenge facing the international E&P sector is to ensure high recovery oil and gas from
geographically and technologically challenging reservoirs both onshore and offshore. For that a consistent
system of planning, drilling and completing of exploration, appraisal, production and injection wells is required,
including but not limited to: Conducting an integrated plan of well architecture; Finding rigs and equipment optimized to the climatic and technologic challenges; Selecting drilling techniques optimized to (reservoir) geological (well bore stability, pressure regime)
conditions predicted; Selecting optimal well test and completion and production techniques
Full field case stories are going to show balanced (onshore and offshore) examples of how to cope in a cost -
efficient way with this complex challenge through the teamwork of experienced professionals.
F 11 - Unconventional high tech applied to the upstream sector
Exploring, developing, and producing oil and gas in an efficient, safe, and environmentally-responsible
manner is our mission in the E&P industry. As exploration basin discoveries dwindle, and current reservoirs
are depleted, new unconventional high technology approaches, processes and tools have and will continue to
emerge in the industry. This session will present unconventional high tech in E & P such as the application of
nano-technology, biotechnology, optical fibres, etc. in the industry.
Block 3 – From the well to the consumer: innovations in
refining, transportation, fuel technology and petrochemistry
F12 - New refinery technologies to meet feedstock flexibility, transportation fuel
demand and quality
Future refining will be characterized by the need for an increased flexibility with respect to processing heavier
feedstocks with higher sulphur and metals content on the one hand and the requirement to convert more of
the (heavier) barrel into lighter, high quality transportation fuels on the other hand. Moreover, refineries will
have to cope with changes in the demand pattern between diesel fuel and motor gasoline. In this session,
advanced technologies to meet these challenges will be discussed. Emphasis will be on progress in the
processing of heavier feedstocks and on innovative routes for the manufacture of high-quality gasoline (e.g.,
via the valorization of refinery streams containing light olefins) or diesel compounds (e.g. from light cycle oils).
F9 – Breakthroughs in subsurface imaging and direct hydrocarbon detection
New techniques and software have been developed in recent years that allow for the reliable imaging of the
spatial geology of oil and gas fields and the prediction of petrophysical properties of reservoirs and pore fluid
composition from a set of surface and downhole geophysical measurements. Case histories showing
successful applications of such techniques and software to onshore and offshore clastic and carbonate
reservoirs. are the subject of discussion of this forum.
F15 - Heavy oil and residue upgrading
As conventional heavy crude and unconventional extra heavy oil tend to become increasingly more significant
sources of refinery feedstocks the demand for lighter and less environmentally impacting products, such as
high grade gasoline for transportation and naphta for petrochemistry, will grow as well. This session will
discuss the advanced refining technologies that will be required in order to yield such high quality products
from an increasingly heavier feedstock mix in a cost effective and environmentally friendly manner as well as
where the upgrading will take place.
Block 4 – Complementary Energy Sources
F16 – Biofuels and biomass: feedstock options life cycle analysis
Biofuels, particularly ethanol, biodiesel and biomass, already contribute a significant proportion of the energy
of many countries with large agricultural land availability. Many industrialized countries are also implementing
policies to diversify their sources of energy, including an increasing contribution of fuels derived from various
sources of organic matter. Increasingly, however, the biofuel industry will have to rely on feedstocks that can
yield energy at competitive costs, without significant impacts on the environment and usage of agricultural
lands, and with no economic subsidies. This session will address the most recent developments in the
utilization of new feedstocks, such as cellulosic, ligno-cellulosic and algal organic matter, including an
assessment of the energy efficiency, environmental impact and life cycle analysis of CO2 emissions.
F17 – Wind and solar short and long term perspectives
According to the analysis made by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other energy organizations the
use of renewable energy sources has been expanding rapidly in recent years and this trend is set to continue.
F14 - Technology and feedstock changes in petrochemistry
Petroleum is the major feedstock for the chemical industry. Driven by its high price volatility, its regional
distribution and limited reserves, the petroleum industry faces pronounced changes in its feedstock basis. The
latter will broaden in the future to include natural gas, oil sands, coal and biomass. Necessarily, these
feedstock changes imply technology changes in order to efficiently produce basic petrochemicals, in particular
light olefins and aromatics. Recent developments in these areas will be addressed in this session. In
particular, contributions on the production of light olefins from alternative sources via, e.g., direct (oxidative)
coupling of methane, methanol conversion (MTO, MTP) or via synthesis gas (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) are
solicited.
F13 - Tailored fuels for future combustion engines
Future combustion engines with increased performance and efficiency will require specially designed fuels in
order to unlock their full potential. Moreover, in many parts of the world, bio-derived components are
increasingly blended into diesel fuel or motor gasoline. Hence, this session will focus on the developments in
new production technologies for tailor-made and for biomass-based fuels. Emphasis will be placed on new
synthetic compounds useful as blending components for gasoline or diesel and to fuel components derived
from biomass (e.g. bio-ethanol, diesel fuel produced via hydrotreating of plant oils or via gasification and
"reassembly" of biomass). Biofuel blending experiences will also be featured in this session.
geothermal systems. Up to now only about 30% of estimated global hydro power resources have been
developed. This session will focus on addressing key technical and market challenges for increasing
geothermal and hydro development.
Block 5 – Sustainability Commitment: environment, social,
economy, education, governance
F20 – Industry responses to climate change
Climate change is on the top of the agenda for most governments and the global society. The oil and gas
based industry accepts being a part of the problem, but is also as a key player in finding and developing
solutions. The forum will address the industry responses to mitigate climate change – company policies and
initiatives addressing R&D, technology, and global and local incentives. Practical examples on how market
mechanisms are utilised, complementary energy developments, energy efficiency initiatives and Carbon
Capture and Sequestration (CCS) will be presented.
F21 – A Societal license to operate: HSE and community development
The oil industry has long recognized that good corporate citizenship provides companies with an effective
competitive edge in gaining access to good investment opportunities, implementing large scale projects and
conducting operations. In order to gain a license to operate from society the oil companies have engaged the
F18 – Clean coal technology
At present, fossil fuels account for 80% of the world’s primary energy mix and as projected by many energy
related organizations this percentage will not be changed even in the year of 2030. Over the same period,
coal continues to account for about 28% of the world’s primary energy mix and half of fuel needs for power
generation as well. Green house gas control is an urgent task for meeting the challenge of global climate
change. Coal combustion accounts for a major part of the energy-related CO2 emission. It is expected that the
development of clean coal technology (CCT) can be an effective approach for significantly reducing the CO2
emission. This forum will discuss the current status and the future prospects of the CCT technology including
the latest CTL technology; the best practices of CCT projects as well as the policies and regulations related to
CCT applications.
F19 – Geothermal and hydro options
Globally, geothermal power is the fourth largest source of renewable electricity after hydro, biomass and
wind. Conventional geothermal resources are becoming more competitive with coal and gas-fired plants for
providing baseload power, due to clean energy incentives and higher power prices. These improved
economics are enabling projects at smaller scales and at lower resource temperatures. Recent progress in
Enhanced Geothermal Systems will open up the possibility of large scale development of non-traditional
electricity after hydro by 2010. Worldwide, electricity generation from solar photovoltaic’s and concentrating
solar thermal power (CSP) is now tiny but with great potential to be developed. A variety of issues related to
wind and solar energy will be discussed, including the progress in research and technology advances; the
barriers to their development; the economy and investment for their development; environmental concerns;
future perspectives , etc. In addition, the storage and transmission of wind and solar energy as well as how to
make them more reliable in power generation and adaptable to the electricity grid are also key topics.
In the IEA’s Reference Scenario the share of renewable s (including modern biomass) in the global primary
energy mix is expected to increase from 7% in 2006 to 10% in 2030. Wind and solar energy with their
abundant resources are amongst the most attractive options for renewable energies. Global output of wind
power is projected by IEA to increase eleven-fold, becoming the second-largest source of renewable
This shortfall is attributed to a low recruitment rate for several decades and a poor image of oil and gas
companies. Age discrimination within the industry and the resulting retirement of senior professionals must
therefore be offset by hiring recent graduates and retaining them.
The purpose of this forum is to review the actions necessary in the oil and gas industry to: attract the younger generations to the technical professions in the industry, Attract more women to the industry promote a high-level academic education on an international scale, continue to train effectively new hires, offer attractive career prospects, and address staff retention and diversity use the skills of experienced senior personnel more and more efficiently
F22 – Managing water in upstream and downstream operations
The oil and gas industry produces large amounts of non-potable water entrained in produced oil and gas that
needs to be separated and managed in a way that is environmentally and economically sound. The industry
has made significant progress in treating, recycling and reusing produced water as an asset, reducing the
environmental impact of water disposal operations and in selected situations, creating a source of water for
other users. The industry is also a significant user of water resources in upstream operations to enhance oil
recovery from both conventional and non-conventional oil deposits and in downstream upgrading and refining
operations. This Forum will focus on technological advances, innovative solutions and best of class
management practices in managing water production and use in the industry.
F23 – Social Responsibility requirements for financing energy projects
Demonstrating the commercial merits of a planned project is no longer nearly enough to secure funding in the
international capital markets. Standards, regulations and guidelines have been issued by a range of agencies
and institutions addressing the impact of major projects on safety, the environment, human rights and the
community, including considerations such as local content and local employment, transparency and
minimisation of the risk of corruption. This session will describe how these factors need to be addressed
thoroughly and effectively, right from the early planning stages through to the construction, commissioning
and operational phases if major projects are to succeed, on time and on budget.
F24 - Attracting and retaining people
In the oil and gas industry, which has become extremely competitive over the last few years, manpower is the
key to success. Unfortunately, on a global scale, the inventory of available competencies does not always
match that of the industry’s needs.
local communities, governments and NGOs in their business plan, creating truly win-win situations. This
includes investment in training of local people, promoting the growth of local businesses and providers of
goods and services, promoting good health, safety and environmental practices both within the company
premises and the neighbouring communities, among other practices. This forum will discuss the various
approaches adopted by companies that succeeded in establishing long lasting, mutually beneficial
relationships with local communities as a way to actually be more cost effective and profitable.