Notion: Idée de progrès

Sujet du devoir

Bonjour à tous, voilà, je suis une élève de terminale L, et durant mes vacances je devais rédiger ma première notion du bac en anglais, à savoir :"idea of progress". La problématique est la suivante: the ambivalence of progress concerning Black People: from segregation to affirmative action. 

J'aimerai donc vous faire partager mon travail, afin que vous corrigiez les éventuelles fautes d’orthographe, de grammaire ou de syntaxe que j'ai pu faire.

Merci d'avance, voilà mon travail: 

"I am going to speak to you about the idea of progress by means of the discrimination of the black people in America. The idea of progess can be defined as an improvement, a technical, scientific or social advance which contributes to making the world a better place. Indeed, this one underwent many agonies of 1619, date of arrival of the first black slaves, in our days, when always reigns a shape of segregation. 

We can wonder how develops the idea of progress of the discrimination of the black people since the slavery in affirmative action. 
We shall see in the first one the history of the slavery, then the forms of segregations from 1865, and to finish the situation of Black people today.

Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. In fact, in the early 17th century, European settlers in North America turned to African slaves as a cheaper, more plentiful labor source than indentured servants. After 1619, when a Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore at the British colony of Jamestown,slavery spread throughout the American colonies. One of the first martyrs to the cause of American patriotism was Crispus Attucks, a former slave who was killed by British soldiers during the Boston Massacre of 1770. In the 17th and 18th centuries, black slaves worked mainly on the tobacco, rice and indigo plantations of the southern coast. After the American Revolution(1775-83), many colonists (particularly in the North, where slavery was relatively unimportant to the economy) began to link the oppression of black slaves to their own oppression by the British, and to call for slavery’s abolition.
From the 1830s to the 1860s, a movement to abolish slavery in America gained strength in the northern United States, led by free blacks such as Frederick Douglass and white supporters such as William Lloyd Garrison, founder of the radical newspaper The Liberator, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, who published the bestselling antislavery novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (1852). The South would reach the breaking point, when Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected as president. Five days after the bloody Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln issued a preliminary emancipation proclamation, and on January 1, 1863,  declaring « that all persons held as slaves » whithin the Confederate state « are, and henceforward shall be free ». Then, in 1865 there is the civil war end. Furthermore, Lincoln is assassinated, and the thriteenth amendment abolishes slavery throughout the United States. On june 19, slavery in United States effectively ended when 250,000 slaves in Texas finally received the new that the civil war had ended two months earlier.

It is true that since 1865, the end oh slavery, the blacks people undergo a big segregation. In December of 1865, Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery. That same month, a group of ex-Confederate soldiers in Tennessee met to form a secret society of white men, dedicated to resisting laws giving blacks the same rights as white; called Ku Klux Klan. Members wore white robes with hoods to hide their faces. The Klan, used terrorist tactics, as coming out at night in their white robes and sometimes carrying fiery torches, Klan members beat and murdered people whom they opposed, hanging by the neck from a tree was a common method of lynching opponents. This method inspired the poem Strange Fruit de Abel Meeropol in 1937, which is transformed into song by Billie Holliday in 1939.
The segregation by the white Americans aimed at keeping the Afro-Americans far from the Whites, without equality.The Blacks undergo numerous discriminations and exclusions in places and public services as for example trains, or buses, because of the segregationist laws - laws Jim Crow established in 1876. A woman is known in particular to have made opposition to this discrimination. Her name is Rosa Parks, she became an iconic figure of the fight against the racial segregation in the United States. Indeed, she refuses to obey the bus driver who asks her to leave his place to a White and to go to sit down at the back of the bus. At that time, the first four rows are reserved for the Whites. The Blacks, who represent three quarters of the users, have to sit down in the back. They can nevertheless use the central zone, until Whites need it. After this opposition, Rosa Parks was arreested and put in jail. To support her, the Blaks people boycotted the bus during one year.

Thanks to the people who fought for the freedom of the black people, as Martin Luther King; who is an iconic figure of the fight by the peace against the segregation. Or on the contrary Malcom X, who had him spirit of vengeance against the whites, and recommended the violence.
The black people in managed to obtain one, more or less, equality with white. A certain freedom, as wished it all the great men who fought against the segregation. And now, we speak of “affirmative action”. The affirmative action in the United States was organized during the fight for the civil rights and the abolition of the racial segregation.Affirmative action means taking positive steps to improve the material status of the less advantaged in society usually through the provision of educational or economic benefits. But, affirmative action is controversial, particularly when the beneficiaries are women or people of color. This, allows the stemming students racial minorities to be more numerous in universities.
Nevertheless, differences always persist, in fact, in poor neighborhoods, schools have a hight number of black students and are underfunded, because they lack teacher or books... Whereas in affluent areas, the number of blac students is very low and schools have a lot of money."

Où j'en suis dans mon devoir

J'ai rédigé mon introduction, mon I); qui traite de l'histoire de l'esclavage. Mon II), qui lui parle des différentes formes de ségrégations depuis 1865, et mon III) qui nous montre la situation des Noirs aujourd'hui, avec la "discrimination positive". 

Je n'ai pas encore fais ma conclusion.